Critique Paper The Man Who Came to Dinner Essays -

Mr. Hooker HUMA 1315-3B1 14 Sept. 2015 Critique Paper: The Man Who Came to Dinner The Man Who Came to Dinner is a broadcast of a live performance at the Roundabout Theater Companys revival of the classic 1939 George Kaufman and Moss Harts comedy, about a famous sharp-tongued theater critic who is forced to stay in a Midwestern couples home and chaos follows. The play was wonderfully executed with a combination of high-impact comedy and just enough drama from an enthusiastically, talented cast. The play consists of an extravagant group of unconventional but believable characters which the cast members portray with such ease. The chemistry between the cast is clear and their enjoyment on stage is apparent to the audience. Projection and timing of the lines by the cast further enhances a positive experience for the audience. Stage presence among the cast flows with great effortlessness which is partly due to the set design. The set design by Tony Walton, costume designs by William Ivey Long, and lighting design by Paul Gallo are all visually appealing for the audience. These elements combined give a beautiful backdrop and enrich the production. The only negative critique one may have is not towards the performance itself but rather in the dated script. The play is filled with references of the original 1930s time period and most of that might go right over some audience members heads. But much of the comedy is timeless, so everyone is sure to enjoy it in the end. Overall, The Man Who Came to Dinner is a great introduction to someone new to the world of live theatre. Because of the relatable characters and timeless comedy, the show can be enjoyed by all.

Job Interviewing for English learners

Job Interviewing for English learners Taking a job interview in English can be a challenging task. Its important to use the correct tense to state when and how often you perform duties at your present and past jobs. The first step was writing your resume and cover letter. Learn to use these tenses in these situations and youll be sure to make as good an impression in your job interview as you have with your resume. There are some very important game rules to consider when taking a job interview. The job interview in English requires a very specific kind of vocabulary. It also requires good tense usage as you need to make a clear distinction between past and present responsibilities. Here is a quick overview of the appropriate tenses to use: Tense: Present Simple Example Sentence: I collect data from all of our branches and analyze the information on a weekly basis.Explanation:Â  Use the present simple to describe your daily responsibilities. This is the most common tense to use when speaking about your current position. Tense:Â  Past Simple Example Sentence:Â  I developed an in-house database for the personnel department.Explanation:Â  Use the past simple to describe your daily responsibilities in a former position. This is the most common tense to use when speaking about past jobs. Tense:Â  Present Continuous Example Sentence:Â  Currently, we are expanding our sales division to include South America.Explanation:Â  Use the present continuous to speak about current projects that are happening at that moment in time. These projects are limited in time and should not be confused with daily responsibilities.Example: Currently, I am designing a new layout for our local branch. I am usually responsible for staff organization, but they asked me to help out with design this time. Tense:Â  Present Perfect Example Sentence:Â  Ive researched over 300 cases until now.Explanation:Â  Use the present perfect to generally describe projects or accomplishments that you have made up to the present moment in time. Remember not to include specific past time references which should be used with the past simple.Example: Ive developed a number of databases using Microsoft Access. Just last week I finished a database for our warehouse. Tense:Â  Future Simple Example Sentence:Â  I will be the manager of a medium sized retail outlet.Explanation:Â  Use the future simple to discuss your plans for the future. This tense is only used when the interviewer asks you what you plan to do in the future. There are a number of other tenses that you can use to speak about experience that you have had. However, if you do not feel comfortable using more advanced tenses, these tenses should serve you well in the interview. The Most Important Parts of a Job Interview Work Experience:Â  Work experience is by far the most important part of any job interview in an English speaking country. It is true that education is also important, however, most employers are more impressed by extensive work experience than by university degrees. Employers want to know exactly what you did and how well you accomplished your tasks. This is the part of the interview during which you can make the best impression. Its important to give full, detailed answers. Be confident, and emphasize your accomplishments in past positions. Qualifications:Â  Qualifications include any education from high school through university, as well as any special training you may have had (such as computer courses). Make sure to mention your English studies. This is very important as English is not your first language and the employer may be concerned about this fact. Assure the employer that you are continuing to improve your English skills by any courses you may be taking, or by saying that you study a certain number of hours a week to improve your skills. Talking about Responsibilities:Â  Most importantly, you will need to demonstrate your qualifications and skills which are directly applicable to the job you are applying for. If past job skills were not exactly the same as what you will need on the new job, make sure to detail how they are similar to job skills you will need for the new position. Finding a Job For ESL Learners Finding a Job - Writing a Cover LetterWriting Your ResumeListen to a Typical Job InterviewExample Interview QuestionsUseful Job Interview Vocabulary

Encompass Technologies Inc International Venture Research Paper

Encompass Technologies Inc International Venture - Research Paper Example Market research and analysis shows that in order to increase profits in general, Encompasses Technologies Inc needs to venture into international markets. Focused groups have found that we need to go global in order to expand our target audience and broaden our market share. Going beyond Mexico will allow Encompass Technologies Inc to expand its expertise in its technological area. A global venture will keep us from losing our customers who are looking online for computer services. The venture is meant to offset domestic markets reliance that sometimes limits the company’s profit margin due to an increase in target consumers willing to purchase the products. A venture like this will lead to greater prospects for absence of seasonal fluctuation. The decision to venture into new markets must be taken with caution considering the many hurdles of setting up in a new environment. But because Encompass has reached a phase of growth it can start the development of international business. Good communication will help us plan and come up with ideal strategies on how to enter new markets. Market globalization is to our advantage because more and more people internationally are demanding for computer products and services. The environmental analysis will assist us identify the opportunities our organization has and we can use our main strength product quality and fair pricing to acquire a broad market share. While our competitors may be ahead of us in penetrating the market out selection criteria chosen will assist us identify the gap-an untapped market niche -whatever the country. Thanks to our R&D team and technology we have adequate information on our target market and we can start planning our marketing strategy. The marketing mix will rely heavily on how much we are ready to put in foreign markets. The monitoring team that will follow performance tests before actually venturing into the markets can cover uncertainties. If Encompass focuses its energy now in venturing into international markets it will acquire rapid response because there is ready market in the developing countries. These countries are embracing technology at a high rate creating high demand for computer services. The creativity of this company has placed it to the top and by venturing into international markets Encompass will increase its profit margin as it broadens its market share.

Immunohaematology Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immunohaematology - Coursework Example 1. In the second phase of agglutination, the small particles that are suspended in the blood plasma are coalesced leading to the precipitation of the larger molecules such as proteins and blood cells. In this case, the cells become more cramped together hindering their normal operations. Stage two is normally accelerated by high antibody-antigen concentration, zeta potential and the size of antibodies. The DAGT works only in vivo sensitization by C3 or IgG. In this test, serum does not require to be added. In addition, no incubation is necessary in the test. The method involves observing the result using a microscope. The method is very common in many labs. It uses mono-specific anti-IgG for testing. The method requires the addition of serum and the results need to be incubated and hence the method is not instant. It does not require the microscope since the reaction will be observed very

Exam Of Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exam Of Economics - Assignment Example a. The average total cost is given for the inpatient services. The economic cost of a decision depends on both the cost of the alternative chosen and the benefit that the best alternative would have provided if chosen. The given ATC does not take into consideration the cost of the alternative, i.e. where else these costs could have been incurred instead of inpatient services example, for outpatient services. The given cost can represent the accounting cost but not the opportunity cost. Thus, the costs stated represent half of the economic costs. b. The graphical representation of the average total cost curve is shown belowThe graph above illustrates that the total average cost ATC for both the hospitals is the same. However, the total cost of the two hospitals varies. The reason is evident. The cost is directly proportional to the number of patients. As ACME hospital deals with 8000 more patients than Saving grace hospital, the cost of ACME produces at a higher cost.c. The reasons fo r the higher average cost of production for ACME hospital are:- There might be higher variable costs for ACME Hospital. Inpatient services differ from patient to patient as per the requirement to overcome the given disease. This is higher will lead to a higher average total cost.- There may be declining productivity that implies higher per unit cost. This is so because the average cost is inversely proportional to the productivity- There may be higher average fixed costs, again may vary according to the output. The factor of diminishing returns is reflected in rising average cost. d. The sole basis of the comparison is to compare for profits. It is to see how much is the difference between revenues and costs for each hospital. Once, the assumption is removed, the comparative analysis will get muddled. There may be a possibility that the two hospitals operate on same fixed costs or the cost of charging patients may be the same. There will be no variable costs and only fixed costs will exist. Once that, the number of units (number of patients) will be a direct indicator of the profit and there will thus be no need for

Language And Society Today

Language And Society Today In any scientific study there are some views and ideas which possess different or similar forms about a particular phenomenon. Linguistics which is known as the scientific study of language is not exception. First of all, if we start with the phrase (the study of language) we will find that it is very important in this discussion to analyze what this phrase mean. Particularly, by dividing it into two words the study and the language. We will find that language according to Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (2008) means a system of communication consisting of sounds, words and grammar, or the system of communication used by a particular country or profession. While the study means the examination of subject in detail in order to discover new information. Subsequently, it could be said that the study of language is considered as a wide subject related to different aspects amongst is the social context which also can be divided into two words social which means activities in which you meet and spend time with other people and context which is defined as the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (2008). Hence, there seems a relationship between the study of language and the social context according to the view of some writers in linguistics domain. This view is that the study of language can not be divorced or separated from its social context. On the other side, some writers tend to be against this view. It seems, therefore, that the argument about the study of language can not be divorced from its social context tends to be a controversial issue. This essay will shed light on this argument by discussing this view on one hand and the other view on the other hand. Language and Society: To study the language, it is very important to have the attempt to discover the relationship between the language and society and the secret which stands between them. Society is any group of people who are drawn together for a certain purpose or purposes and language is what the members of a particular society speak Wardhaugh (2010:1).it is noted from these definition that language and society is very close and can not be separated because language in this definition is related to society. The secret between language and society is what wardhaugh called the code, because people use this system which is the code to communicate through it. knowledge of language : knowledge of language is related to people who live in society. TODAY MOST LINGUISTS AGREE THAT THE KNOWLEDGE SPEAKERS HAVE OF THE LANGUAGEOR LANGUAGE THEY SPEAK IS KNOWLEDGE OF SOME THING QUITE ABSTRACT.IT IS AKNOWLEDGE OF RULES AND PRINCIPLES AND OF THE WAY OF SAYING AND DOING THINGS WITH SOUND SWORDS AND SENTENCES RATHER THAN JUST KNOWLEGDE OF SPECIFIC SONDS WORDS AND SENTENCES. IT IS KNOWING WHAT IS IN THE LG, AND WHAT IS NOT. IT IS KNOWING BOTH WHAT IS POSSIBLE TO SAY AND WHAT IS NOT POSSIBLE. THIS KNOWLEDGE EXPLAINS HOW IT IS WE CAN UNDERSTAND SENTENCES WE HAVE NOT HEARD BEFORE AND REJECT OTHERS AS BEING UNGRAMMATICAL.COMMUNICATION AMONG PEOPLE WHO SPEAK THE SAME LG, IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE THEY SHARE SUCH KNOWLEDGE (ibid).Pinker(2007) agreed with wardhaugh in this point. He states that the linguistics behaviour of undividuals cannot be understood without knowledge of the communicaties that they belong to.Moreover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ to.Moreover, there are several possible relationships between language and society. One is the social à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ zhidao_help.html# There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is the social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behaviour.certain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior. Certain à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ behaviour.certain evidence may adduced to support this view:the agegrading à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the agegrading phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from older children and in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ age-grading phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from older chilÃÆ' °dren and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ from older children and in turn children speak differently from mature adults. Asecond possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ older chilÃÆ' °dren and, in turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies which à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . Asecond à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ adults. Asecond possible relationship is directly opposed to the first:linguistic structure and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A second possible relationship is directly opposed to the first: linguistic strucÃÆ' °ture and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ structure and /or behaviour à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or behaviour may either influence or determine social structure this is the view that is behind the Whorfian hypothesis the claims of Bernstein and many of those who argue that languages rather than speakers of these languages can be sexist. Athird possible à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ or behavior may either influence or determine social structure. This is the view that is behind the Whorfian hypothesis, the claims of Bernstein, and many of those who argue that languages rather than speakers of these languages can be sexist. A third à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ . Athird à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ sexist. Athird possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional:lg, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional: language and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ :lg, and society may influence each other.this view based on dittmars view. He argued à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ He argued that speech behaviour and social behaviour are in astate of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ p. 238) that speech behaviour and social behaviour are in a state à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ astate of constant interaction. It is notably, indeed from the the views have discussed above that knowledge of language desperately needs the knowledge of social context. Language and Dialects: Since society which people live in consists of different areas based on the geographical division, those people then who live in these areas could have somewhat a variety in their language. Hudson (1996:22) defined this variety as a set of linguistics items with similar distribution. This definition gives us the opportunity to consider: Canadian English, London English, the English of football commentaries and so on come under the term varieties which means dialect Wardhaugh (2010). A good example for dialect and its relationship to the social context is Gumperzs example (1971). He points out that everyday living in parts of india , particularly in the large cities and among educated segments of those communities, requires some complex choices involving the distinction between hindi and urdu: the conversational level the use of hindi and urdu forms is not simply amatter of birth and education but just as it is customary for individuals to alternate between dialect and standard depend ing on social occasion. On the other hand, the term dialect à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ term dialect also be used to describe differences in speech associated with various social group or classes. To define social à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://www.smuu.net/vb/showthread.php?t=591 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ dialect can also be used to describe differences in speech associated with various social groups or classes. There are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ associated with various social group or classes. To define social group or social class giving proper weight to the various factors that can be used to determine social position e.g occupation, place of residence,education, income racial à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://www.smuu.net/vb/showthread.php?t=591 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ immediate problem is that of defining social group or social class , giving proper weight to the various factors that can be used to determine social position, e.g., occupation, place of residence, education, new versus à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ , income racial or ethnic origin cultural background,cast, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Students Paper: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ background,cast, religion and so on.such factors as these do appear to be related fairly directly to how people speak Wardhaugh (2010 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ http://www.smuu.net/vb/showthread.php?t=591 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ background, caste, religion, and so on. Such factors as these do appear to be related fairly directly to how people speak. There is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Wardhaugh (2010).he adds that there are some points which underlying the term dialect : Style: The study of dialects is further complicated by the fact that speakers can adopt different style of speaking. You can speak very formally or very informally, your choice being governed by circumstances. Ceremonial occasions almost invariably require very formal speech, public lectures somewhat less formal, casual conversation quite informal.we may try to relate the level of formalitychosen to avariety of factors: the kind of occasion, the various social, age and the other differences that exist between the participants. Register: Register is another complicating factor in any study of language varieties.registers are sets of language items associated with discrete occupation or social group.Hudson( 1996:46) indicates the difference between dialect and register your dialect shows who or what you are whilst your register shows what you are doing. Forexample , the kind of language of surgeons, airline pilots and so on. Wardhaugh (2010 ). Hence, it is important to note that wardhaugh and hudsons view agree that language and dialect closely related to the social context and can not be separated. Speech communities: Language is both an individual possession and social possession. therefore the certain individuals would behave linguistically like other individuals they might to speak the same language or the same dialect or the same variety i.e to employ the same code and in the respect to be members of the same speech community aterm probably derived from the German sprachgemeinschaft Wardhaugh (2010 ).Furthermore, if we focus on Bloomfields definition(1933:42)which is a speech community is agroup of people who interact by means of speech. We will find that Hymes (1974 in wardhaugh 2010) disagree with him in this point. He points out that is impossible to equate language and speech community when we lack aclear understanding of the nature of language. Moreover,he insists that speech communities cannot be defined soley through the use of linguistic criteria. It is agreed with Hymes ,because speech communities is not surrounded only by the linguistic perspective but the way speakers use language is very significant. Some thoughts against the relationship between the social context and the study of language: The view that the study of language can not be divorced from its social context is different from the perceptive of some writers who stand on the other side of this argument. According to Bernstein(1961) there are two distinct varieties of language in use in society.he calls one variety elaborated code ( formal code) and the other variety restricted code(public code). According to him these codes have very different characteristics. Forexample elaborated code makes use of accurate in the sense of standard grammatical order and syntax to regulate what is said that employ arrange of devices for conjuction and subordination and shows frequent use of the pronoun I.In contrast, restricted code employs short grammatically simple and often unfinished sentences of poor in the sense of nonstandard. Is rigid and limited in the use of adjectives and adverbs, makes infrequent use of impersonal pronoun subjects. He states that every speaker of the language has access to the restricted code becaus e all employ this code on certain occasions e.g it the language of intimacy between familiars.however, not all social classes have equal access to the elaborated code particularly lower working-class people and their children who are likely to have little experience with it.according to him, the consequences of this unequal distribution are considerable. In particular children from the lower working class are likely to find themselves at adisadvantage when they attend school in which extesive use is made of the elaborated code.therefore, there are serious consequences for children of the lowerworking class when they come to school beause elaborated code is the mediumof instruction in schooling. When schools attempt to develop in children the ability to manipulate this code they are really to involved in trying to change cultural patterns and such involvement may have profound social and psychological consequences for all engaged in the task. Educational failure is likely to result. This view might be true, but still has some limitation as Rosen( 1972 in Wardhaugh (2010 ) criticized Bernstein on the ground that he has not looked closely enough at working- class life and language and that many of the key terms in his work are quite inadequately defined e.g code, class, elaborated and so on. Many of the arguments also appear to be circular in nature and the hypotheses weak. On the other hand, another view against that the study of language and the social context cannot be divorced is what well known in the psycholinguistics domain by nativist theory. This is associated with Noam Chomsky who developed the theory that all humans are born with an innate capcity and knowledge system specifically desgined for language and language acquisition.under linguistic nativism anormally functioning human being is said to be born with universal grammar which aset of innate constrains on language that every unimpaired human brings to the task of language aquistion included princ iples that are invariate and apply to all natural human languages.an example of aprinciple is that all languages have abasic structural feature called aphrase (Vanpatten Benati 2010).this theory ignored that the interaction amongst individuals is positive in language learning.SLA theory needs to develop aconception of the language learner as having acomplex social identity that must be understood with reference to large and frequently inequitable social structures which are produce in day-to-day social interaction. In conclustion: List of plagiarised documents 6% http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/47763606.html 6% http://old.blog.edu.cn/user4/jinynwnu/archives/2007/1766739.shtml 6% http://jiny.blog.edu.cn/2007/141074.html 4% http://www.smuu.net/vb/showthread.php?t=591 1% http://www.usingenglish.com/forum/ask-teacher/125844-using-context-contest.html 1% http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/context_2 1% http://www.nuis.ac.jp/%7Ehadley/publication/jeffrey/Jeffrey-EIL.htm 0% http://www.experiencefestival.com/a/Americanism_semiotics/id/1910742 Master document text Introduction: Basically, in any scientific study there are some views and ideas which possess different or similar forms about a particular phenomenon. Linguistics which is known as the scientific study of language is not exception. First of all, if we start with the phrase (the study of language) we will find that it is very important in this discussion to analyze what this phrase mean. Particularly, by dividing it into two words the study and the language. We will find that language according to Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (2008) means a system of communication consisting of sounds, words and grammar, or the system of communication used by a particular country or profession. While the study means the examination of subject in detail in order to discover new information. Subsequently, it could be said that the study of language is considered as a wide subject related to different aspects amongst is the social context which also can be divided into two words social which means activitie s in which you meet and spend time with other people and context which is defined as the text or speech that comes immediately before and after a particular phrase or piece of text and helps to explain its meaning. Cambridge Advanced Learners Dictionary (2008). Hence, there seems a relationship between the study of language and the social context according to the view of some writers in linguistics domain. This view is that the study of language can not be divorced or separated from its social context. On the other side, some writers tend to be against this view. It seems, therefore, that the argument about the study of language can not be divorced from its social context tends to be a controversial issue. This essay will shed light on this argument by discussing this view on one hand and the other view on the other hand. Language and Society: To study the language, it is very important to have the attempt to discover the relationship between the language and society and the secret which stands between them. Society is any group of people who are drawn together for a certain purpose or purposes and language is what the members of a particular society speak Wardhaugh (2010:1).it is noted from these definition that language and society is very close and can not be separated because language in this definition is related to society. The secret between language and society is what wardhaugh called the code, because people use this system which is the code to communicate through it. knowledge of language : knowledge of language is related to people who live in society. TODAY MOST LINGUISTS AGREE THAT THE KNOWLEDGE SPEAKERS HAVE OF THE LANGUAGEOR LANGUAGE THEY SPEAK IS KNOWLEDGE OF SOME THING QUITE ABSTRACT.IT IS AKNOWLEDGE OF RULES AND PRINCIPLES AND OF THE WAY OF SAYING AND DOING THINGS WITH SOUND SWORDS AND SENTENCES RATHER THAN JUST KNOWLEGDE OF SPECIFIC SONDS WORDS AND SENTENCES. IT IS KNOWING WHAT IS IN THE LG, AND WHAT IS NOT. IT IS KNOWING BOTH WHAT IS POSSIBLE TO SAY AND WHAT IS NOT POSSIBLE. THIS KNOWLEDGE EXPLAINS HOW IT IS WE CAN UNDERSTAND SENTENCES WE HAVE NOT HEARD BEFORE AND REJECT OTHERS AS BEING UNGRAMMATICAL.COMMUNICATION AMONG PEOPLE WHO SPEAK THE SAME LG, IS POSSIBLE BECAUSE THEY SHARE SUCH KNOWLEDGE (ibid).Pinker(2007) agreed with wardhaugh in this point. He states that the linguistics behaviour of undividuals cannot be understood without knowledge of the communicaties that they belong to.Moreover, there are several possible relationships between language and society. One is the social structure may either influence or determi ne linguistic structure and behaviour.certain evidence may adduced to support this view:the agegrading phenomenon whereby young children speak differently from older children and in turn children speak differently from mature adults. Asecond possible relationship is directly opposed to the first:linguistic structure and /or behaviour may either influence or determine social structure this is the view that is behind the Whorfian hypothesis the claims of Bernstein and many of those who argue that languages rather than speakers of these languages can be sexist. Athird possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional:lg, and society may influence each other.this view based on dittmars view. He argued that speech behaviour and social behaviour are in astate of constant interaction. It is notably, indeed from the the views have discussed above that knowledge of language desperately needs the knowledge of social context. Language and Dialects: Since society which people live in consists of different areas based on the geographical division, those people then who live in these areas could have somewhat a variety in their language. Hudson (1996:22) defined this variety as a set of linguistics items with similar distribution. This definition gives us the opportunity to consider: Canadian English, London English, the English of football commentaries and so on come under the term varieties which means dialect Wardhaugh (2010). A good example for dialect and its relationship to the social context is Gumperzs example (1971). He points out that everyday living in parts of india , particularly in the large cities and among educated segments of those communities, requires some complex choices involving the distinction between hindi and urdu: the conversational level the use of hindi and urdu forms is not simply amatter of birth and education but just as it is customary for individuals to alternate between dialect and standard depend ing on social occasion. On the other hand, the term dialect also be used to describe differences in speech associated with various social group or classes. To define social group or social class giving proper weight to the various factors that can be used to determine social position e.g occupation, place of residence,education, income racial or ethnic origin cultural background,cast, religion and so on.such factors as these do appear to be related fairly directly to how people speak Wardhaugh (2010).he adds that there are some points which underlying the term dialect : Style: The study of dialects is further complicated by the fact that speakers can adopt different style of speaking. You can speak very formally or very informally, your choice being governed by circumstances. Ceremonial occasions almost invariably require very formal speech, public lectures somewhat less formal, casual conversation quite informal.we may try to relate the level of formalitychosen to avariety of factors: the kind of occasion, the various social, age and the other differences that exist between the participants. Register: Register is another complicating factor in any study of language varieties.registers are sets of language items associated with discrete occupation or social group.Hudson( 1996:46) indicates the difference between dialect and register your dialect shows who or what you are whilst your register shows what you are doing. Forexample , the kind of language of surgeons, airline pilots and so on. Wardhaugh (2010 ). Hence, it is important to note that wardhaugh and hudsons view agree that language and dialect closely related to the social context and can not be separated. Speech communities: Language is both an individual possession and social possession. therefore the certain individuals would behave linguistically like other individuals they might to speak the same language or the same dialect or the same variety i.e to employ the same code and in the respect to be members of the same speech community aterm probably derived from the German sprachgemeinschaft Wardhaugh (2010 ).Furthermore, if we focus on Bloomfields definition(1933:42)which is a speech community is agroup of people who interact by means of speech. We will find that Hymes (1974 in wardhaugh 2010) disagree with him in this point. He points out that is impossible to equate language and speech community when we lack aclear understanding of the nature of language. Moreover,he insists that speech communities cannot be defined soley through the use of linguistic criteria. It is agreed with Hymes ,because speech communities is not surrounded only by the linguistic perspective but the way speakers use language is very significant. Some thoughts against the relationship between the social context and the study of language: The view that the study of language can not be divorced from its social context is different from the perceptive of some writers who stand on the other side of this argument. According to Bernstein(1961) there are two distinct varieties of language in use in society.he calls one variety elaborated code ( formal code) and the other variety restricted code(public code). According to him these codes have very different characteristics. Forexample elaborated code makes use of accurate in the sense of standard grammatical order and syntax to regulate what is said that employ arrange of devices for conjuction and subordination and shows frequent use of the pronoun I.In contrast, restricted code employs short grammatically simple and often unfinished sentences of poor in the sense of nonstandard. Is rigid and limited in the use of adjectives and adverbs, makes infrequent use of impersonal pronoun subjects. He states that every speaker of the language has access to the restricted code becaus e all employ this code on certain occasions e.g it the language of intimacy between familiars.however, not all social classes have equal access to the elaborated code particularly lower working-class people and their children who are likely to have little experience with it.according to him, the consequences of this unequal distribution are considerable. In particular children from the lower working class are likely to find themselves at adisadvantage when they attend school in which extesive use is made of the elaborated code.therefore, there are serious consequences for children of the lowerworking class when they come to school beause elaborated code is the mediumof instruction in schooling. When schools attempt to develop in children the ability to manipulate this code they are really to involved in trying to change cultural patterns and such involvement may have profound social and psychological consequences for all engaged in the task. Educational failure is likely to result. This view might be true, but still has some limitation as Rosen( 1972 in Wardhaugh (2010 ) criticized Bernstein on the ground that he has not looked closely enough at working- class life and language and that many of the key terms in his work are quite inadequately defined e.g code, class, elaborated and so on. Many of the arguments also appear to be circular in nature and the hypotheses weak. On the other hand, another view against that the study of language and the social context cannot be divorced is what well known in the psycholinguistics domain by nativist theory. This is associated with Noam Chomsky who developed the theory that all humans are born with an innate capcity and knowledge system specifically desgined for language and language acquisition.under linguistic nativism anormally functioning human being is said to be born with universal grammar which aset of innate constrains on language that every unimpaired human brings to the task of language aquistion included princ iples that are invariate and apply to all natural human languages.an example of aprinciple is that all languages have abasic structural feature called aphrase (Vanpatten Benati 2010).this theory ignored that the interaction amongst individuals is positive in language learning.SLA theory needs to develop aconception of the language learner as having acomplex social identity that must be understood with reference to large and frequently inequitable social structures which are produce in day-to-day social interaction. In conclustion:

Places in Gullivers Travels Essay -- essays research papers

Places In Gulliver's Travels By: Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels has several places that Gulliver visits. In this paper we will take a look a in-depth look at each of the places that Gulliver visits. In my opion Gulliver parelles many places to is home country, England. Lets take a look at the first stop in Gulliver's travels, Lilliput. Lilliput is inhabitited by people who are only six inches tall. Gulliver seems like a gigant. The Liliputians have a structured government and social lifestyles. The government has a senate, officials, a council, and an emperor. The government has several parrells to the England government. Gulliver tells us that these competitions, to choose the officials, who can 'Dance on the Rope', are often the cause of fatal accidents. Flimnap, in fact, would havekilled himself ina recent fall had not one of the king's "cushions" broken his fall. The king's "cushion" represents George I's mistress, who aided Walpole in his return to power after a "fall." Another comparison between Lilliput and England, Reldresal, a Lilliputian government officer. He represents Walpole's successor, he payed Gulliver a special visit. His purpose is to acquaint Gulliver further with domestic and international pol itics, and to enlist Gulliver for assists in protecting their land from invasion, corresponding to the Tories and the treats to France. In Lilliput, the warring parties are the High-Heels , the Tories, and the Low-Heels , the Whigs. Just as George I favored teh Whigs, so the Lilliputian emperor favors teh Low-Heels. Just as George I's successor, the Prince of Wales, indicated favor to both parties, the Lilliputian heir to the throne wears one high heel and one low. Although several things are parralleled to England some things are not the same. They both have punishment system that are based on different ideas, were as the Englandjudiciary system is based on on punishment, the Lilliputians judiciary system has its rewards for following the rules. They also have very stiff punishments for unjustly accusing another of a crime. If at a latter point in time the accused person is fround innocent, the person who wrongfully accused is put to an creul death and the un justly accused is rewa rded materially, and also recieves a title from the emperor. Upon leavin... ...y that is perfectly ordered, perfectly peaceful, except for the Yahoos, and exempt from the topsy-turviness of passion. In thier society there is also no crime, poverty, unhappiness but also their is no joy, passion, ecstatic love. Everything is done on an even keel. The Houyhnhnms are the representation of the perfect human culture. The marriages are arranged and the couples have no more feelings for each other than for any one else. The Yahoos are human-like, and are keep in a kennel, and prohibited from having anything to do with the Houyhnhnms. The Yahoo had arrived on thier island by acident. These people are less civilzed than the Houyhnhnms. They represent the lowest traits in human nature. They are gluttonous, filthy, lascivious, theiving, violentbrutes. Only physically do they resemble civilized people. They started out on the country only two Yahoo, and as they had children and their children had children they also lost the cilivilation and needed to be around other peo ple to stay civilized. In a way this represent the way Gulliver wanted him home country England to be, perfect in its ways. But what would they have done with the Yahoos that they would have incountered?

Economic vulnerabilit Essay

The Caribbean basin has suffered economic vulnerability and occupation from nations such as Great Britain, France and Spain, right from the seventeenth to nineteenth century. This resulted from imperial rivalry among powerful western empires as weak Caribbean basin nations were merely pawns in their quest for colonial dominance. The emergence of plantation systems during this period also fueled the need for cheaply produced sugar, tobacco and coffee. Although production and trade was flourishing, the people in the region were getting a very little share of the wealth. The easy transportability of free African labor through slave trade further intensified colonial interest in this area. As a result of this, a large population of African descendants belonging to various groups can be found in the Caribbean basin. This has contributed to a strong African influence in the cultures of these nations. The growth of colonial plantations also resulted in the migration of labor, as people constantly move around looking for better working opportunities. As people from different cultures were occupying Caribbean basin nation, it became an ideal breeding ground for racial conflict, and thus class consciousness was closely tied into racial differences (Randall and Mount 12). The lack economic of development in these regions can be attributed to complicated political relations and stifled trade agreements. Even today, the majority of people in these nations are economically backward since they function based on monopsony, wherein the entire production of a country is usually bought by a single powerful buyer for cheap prices. Another common aspect of these countries is that they happen to be monoculture economies, where the whole economy is dependent on a single crop or product. The absence of political parties based on principle and common people’s needs also leads to political instabilities. Another aspect that is common to many Caribbean basin nations is the presence of revolutionary groups and military units striving to overthrow harsh governments and dictators, paving the way for insurgencies. Early colonial occupation and the United States’ repeat attempts during the nineteenth century to make Cuba a part of the Union certainly influenced the early part of Cuba’s eventful history. The constant colonial influence from powerful countries to control it economic and political policies had made Cuba a haven for revolutionaries. Cuba’s civil war in the 1870s, the revolution of 1895, and another revolution in 1906 ensured the overthrow of governments with vested interests. The following years were a period of growth as it had opened up trade with the United States and the economy was fuelled by high sugar prices (Wilkinson 18). However, instability continued in the form of military dictatorship from 1925. The revolution of 1959 led by Fidel Castro had yet again overthrown the dictatorship of Batista backed by the USA. The revolution is still going on to this day through the execution of Marxist socio-economic policies that contribute to the welfare of the poor people. Castro was a pioneer of this movement that nationalized millions of dollars worth of American property on Cuban soil. These properties were redistributed and agriculture was collectivized, thereby enraging the upper-classes to move to America. Cuba received aid from the USSR in the form of energy and trade during the Cold War period. In 1961, the US secretly sent troops to Cuba to end the revolution but failed, historically known as the Bay of Pigs Invasion. In 1962, the governments of Cuba and the Soviet Union placed nuclear missiles on Cuban soil to end United States’ influence in the region. This event is referred to as the ‘Cuban missile crisis’ as it posed an imminent threat of nuclear war (Sierra 2). It ended when Khrushchev dismantled the weapons from Cuba when the United States promised not to invade Cuba. Even today, African culture’s influence is quite apparent in many aspects of modern Cuban life. ‘Santeria’ is the modern Cuban version of an African religion that became popular during the slave trade era. Rumba, a set of dances and rhythms, is yet an African influence on Cuban culture. Cuba has also been endowed with musicians that develop new musical genres by mixing different cultural influences (Coastal Web Online 26). Cuba, in spite of being portrayed by today’s American media as a police state, is quite safe and accommodating to non-dissenting citizens. However, having a strong military presence has meant that voices of dissent against the revolutionary government are not dealt with lightly, leading to imprisonment. Hence, the general culture in Cuba does not promote free speech or ideas against the government, as counter-revolutionaries are quashed. Although the American Government has followed a policy of economically starving Cuba to overthrow communist dictatorship, Cuba still welcomes tourists mainly to attract American dollars. Private restaurants and local craft stores are only forms of modern capitalism found in the country. The Revolution in Cuba under Fidel Castro has tremendously improved the standard of education and ensured its widespread availability to all classes of Cubans; compulsory education programs till a certain age has been enforced. Universal health care offered to all Cubans is a commendable program that has been responsible for improving medical facilities and bringing down mortality rates; the island nation has â€Å"one doctor per 200 citizens†, which is notably better than America (Health Care in Cuba 3). The US government has put in place trade restrictions with Cuba to kindle an uprising to overthrow the communist dictatorship and bring in democracy. However, many US military leaders have expressed their opposition to this embargo, as the Cuba is a contented nation under Castro with all its basic necessities met (Doherty 3). Since there is no evidence or probable reason for a revolution in the near future, a lot of support has gone into requesting the US government to reopen trade relations with Cuba. Works Cited Page Sierra, J. A. The Cuban Missile CrisisOctober, 1962. 28 June 2009, < http://www. historyofcuba. com/history/Crisis/missiles. htm> Coastal Web Online. Brief Cultural History. 28 June 2009, Doherty, Patrick. US Military Leaders Issue Statement on America’s Cuba Policy. (2009). The Havana Note. 28 June 2009, Health Care in Cuba. Thinkquest. 28 June 2009, Randall, Stephen, and Mount, Graeme. (1998). The Caribbean Basin: An International History. Routledge. Wilkinson, Jerry. History Of Cuba. 28 June 2009,

The Quran Essays

The Quran Essays The Quran Paper The Quran Paper Quranic revelations are regarded by Muslims as the words of God, intended to correct any errors or differences in previous holy books such as the Old and New Testaments. The Quran specifically mentions that Muhammad was the messenger to the whole of mankind, and that he is the last messenger to be sent. The Quran is the final message that reiterates the basic religion God ordained for the Jews and the Christians, as well as the Muslims. Muslims also believe that the book was sent down to human kind in order to put everything into the correct perspective or position. The Quran was revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by God in Arabic. The Quran is regarded by Muslims as a book of signs not science although the Quran contains many scientific statements in various topics including embryology and the creation of the earth. The Qur’an teaches that everyone is equal in the sight of God regardless of their skin colour or their background. The Qur’an calls everyone to tawheed (oneness of God) and that there will be a time in which every human will be accountable for their action. Muslims believe that the Quran is different from all other books in ways that are impossible for any other book to be, such that similar texts cannot be written by humans. The Quran itself challenges any who disagree with its divine origin to produce a text of a miraculous nature. Scholars of Islam believe that its poetic form is unique and of a fashion that cannot be written by humans. There are 114 chapters in the Quran, which is written in the Arabic language. Out of the 114 chapters, 86 were revealed in the twelve years that the Prophet lived in Mecca after the revelation. The other 28 chapters were revealed in Medina. The longest chapter of the Quran is Surah Baqarah (The Cow) with 286 verses and the shortest is Surah Al-Kauthar (abundance) which has 3 verses. The Quran is sometimes divided into 30 roughly equal parts, known as ‘juz. These divisions make it easier for Muslims to read the Quran during the course of a month and many will read one juz each day, particularly during the month of Ramadan. Translations of the Quran exist in over 40 languages but Muslims are still taught to learn and recite it in Arabic, even if this is not their native language and they cannot converse in it. Translations are also considered by most Muslims as new versions of the book, rather than as translations in the conventional sense. In my opinion the Qur’an is a unique book due to the scientific statements which have been discovered recently using advanced technology. Beside that the Quran is also unique because of the structure and accuracy. One of the most remarkable things about the Quran is that it’s still the same book for the past 1400 years.

Cs Se File Essay Example

Cs Se File Essay Example Cs Se File Essay Cs Se File Essay Name______ _________________________________ Student ID____ ________________________________ Homework 1 Due: Wednesday, February 23, 2011 All answers must be clear and to the point and on the page they were asked. Do not repeat the question. Do not email the homework in. Bring it to class on or before the day it is do, otherwise put it in my mailbox. 1) Numbers can be represented in binary (using 2 symbols 0 and 1) and hexadecimal ( 16 symbols 0.. 9,1,A.. F) amount other ways . a) Represent the hexadecimal number 3F in decimal 3. b) Represent the hexadecimal number 3F in Binary 111111. c) Represent the decimal number 65536 in hexadecimal 10000 2) When resenting a decimal number as like eight as â€Å"all lights on† and 0 as all lights on except the middle one, the login for the bottom line is: on for 0, 2,3,5,6,8,9 and off for 1,4,7 and you don’t care for number between 10 and 16 because that will never be the input. Design a 4 input 1 out electronic device that will re present the bottom line of the digital display using gates. ) Implement counting semaphores using only binary semaphores. That is, using only system implemented binary semaphores with corresponding P and V operations, create two functions CP(Counting P) and CV(Counting V) that behave the same as P and V for counting semaphores would. 4) a) In the Dijkstra’s Bankers algorithm, what is a safe state? A safe state is considered as if it is possible for all processes to finish executing (terminate). b) N processes share M resource units that can be reserved and release only one at a time. The maximum need of each process does not exceed M, and the sum of all maximum needs is less than M+N. Can a deadlock occur in the system (yes or no). Prove your answer. 5) a) Given process resource usage and availability as described in the table below, draw the resource allocations graph. | Allocated| Outstanding Requests| Resources Available| Processes| R1| R2| R3| R1| R2| R3| R1| R2| R3| P1P2P3P4| 2310| 0131| 0001| 1000| 1001| 0010| 0| 0| 0| b) Is this system deadlocked? Show why or why not? ) Invent you own question related to the each topics or processes, critical sections, deadlocks, paging etc. Then, answer it correctly. If it is a good test question, then it may be on a test for this class. Note: a good test questions is one that: * can be answered somewhat quickly * if a student understands the topic very well, the student will get full credit * if a student understands the topic somewhat well, the student will get partial credit if the student doesn’t understand th e topic, the student will not get any credit

Summative assessment - critical assessment of the external and Essay

Summative assessment - critical assessment of the external and internal contexts of management - Essay Example Howe and Strauss (2003) rightly pointed out that young people and communities are raised in relatively secure and objective driven environment in comparison to their previous generations. Howe and Strauss (2003) also pointed out that lesser numbers of siblings at home (in comparison to previous generations) has decreased the magnitude of competitive environment there. On the other hand, in external environment, young people and communities are being encouraged by family members to participate in competitions and gather accomplishments (Alsop, 2008). It is evident from the discussion that young people and communities have certain personal traits such as, low loyalty, urge for working in team, more focus on knowledge sharing and over-dependence on technology. Therefore, organisations need to consider the above-mentioned traits while managing young people and community. Apart from the mentioned aspects of young people and community management, primary agenda for the essay is to evaluate Sue Lea’s quote â€Å"this policy climate severely limits the capacity of leaders to lead† mentioned in Ord (2012, p. ... ntioned text, management and leadership are being used interchangeably but in reality, significant amount of difference exist between both these concepts. Therefore, the line should be read as, potential and scope for managing young people and community within or outside organization gets affected by government policies, external environmental issues and dynamic shift in macro environment. Although, there are research scholars who have criticized the mentioned argument and the essay will cover their criticism in order to make the discussion robust. In the next section, the researcher will shed light on management-leadership perspectives in order to develop background for further discussion. Management & Leadership Kotter (2001) stated that stark differences exist between managers and leaders. For example, managers are those people who are responsible for doing the assigned task, planning operational activities, budgeting, organizing resources to achieve organizational objectives, pro blem solving and controlling the action of team members or department members, while leaders are those who motivate, align and direct the subordinate’s action. Internal conflict between leadership and management can be summarized in the following manner: Vision and Objective Management is concerned with planning, budgeting, establishing process steps, setting project time line and manager’s ability to display an impersonal attitude. Leadership is concerned with establishment of direction, vision, developing strategic plans, display of passionate attitude and motivating team members to achieve the performance objectives (Kotterman, 2006). Human Development and Networking Management is concerned with delegating responsibility to staff at different organizational verticals, implementing

Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ottoman Empire - Essay Example The Empire was a strong force in the Middle East and it had extended its territories to all the sides. The Byzantine capital, Constantinople fell in the hands of the Ottoman ruler, Mehmed II thus making an end to the Roman Empire. After the fall of Roman Empire in 1453 the Ottoman Empire witnessed a fast extension to far and wide. In the 15th and 16th century the Empire was extended to Europe, Africa, and Asia. It was during the period of the emperor, Suleiman the Magnificent who ruled during the 16th century witnessed the golden age of the Empire. He had made use the agencies like military and government efficiently and further through magnificent administration of both economy and military he could capture many of the places on all sides of his boundary. The Ottoman Empire’s contribution to the world is immense in the fields of art and architect, military, economic measures and administrative reforms. It can be witnessed that the dominance of the Empire in the golden age tur ned to be a defect in the decline period. So, in the present essay, an attempt is made to analyze the areas as, government and administration, military strength and economic power of the Ottoman Empire in golden age and in decline period. ... The sultans ruled the empire by the help of the imperial council headed by the Prime Minister (New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World 1450-1750, p.476). But, towards the 17th and 18th centuries political changes caused for the decline of the empire. â€Å"The practice of raising the ruler’s sons as indulged prisoners in the palace to prevent rebellions contributed to a long series of uninformed, inexperienced, and often debauched sultans and shahs† (Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, Ch.6 p.189-190). The emperor governed the country through different religious communities but these communities later became powerful and so the emperor’s control over them was weakened (Africa, Southwest Asia, and India in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, p.479). Moreover, the Ottoman state was not centralized and so the control of the imperial was difficult. All these factors of loose administration and changes contribut ed for its decline which came in the 18th century. Military Strength: Military strength was the once the major domain of the Ottoman Empire. Until 1600 the weapons used by the Ottomans were the supreme in Europe. â€Å"The Ottomans adopted gunpowder weapons, especially cannons, which were often built and operated by mercenary Hungarian Christians in Ottoman service† (New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World 1450-1750, p.476). Until 1600 the weapons used by the Ottomans were the supreme in Europe. The navy of the Ottoman led by the Muslim refugees from Spain was very excellent (New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World 1450-1750, p.476). The Ottoman military during its golden age was very